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Blackjack Appendix 2: Dealer Probabilities
Last Update: Apr 29, 2007
The following tables show the probability of the dealer forming any given final hand according to the dealer's up-card. The tables assume the dealer already checked for, and did not have, blackjack. There are 16 total tables, for 1 to 8 decks and whether or not the dealer stands or hits on soft 17. For dealer probabilities before the dealer checks for blackjack please see my blackjack appendix 2B.
| 1 Deck - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.183786 | 0.19089 | 0.18868 | 0.191692 | 0.075137 | 0.169815 |
| 2 | 0.138976 | 0.131762 | 0.131815 | 0.123948 | 0.120526 | 0.352973 |
| 3 | 0.130313 | 0.130946 | 0.123761 | 0.123345 | 0.116047 | 0.375588 |
| 4 | 0.130973 | 0.114163 | 0.120679 | 0.116286 | 0.115096 | 0.402803 |
| 5 | 0.119687 | 0.123483 | 0.116909 | 0.104694 | 0.106321 | 0.428905 |
| 6 | 0.166948 | 0.106454 | 0.107192 | 0.100705 | 0.097879 | 0.420823 |
| 7 | 0.372345 | 0.138583 | 0.077334 | 0.078897 | 0.072987 | 0.259854 |
| 8 | 0.130857 | 0.362989 | 0.129445 | 0.06829 | 0.069791 | 0.238627 |
| 9 | 0.121886 | 0.103921 | 0.357391 | 0.12225 | 0.061109 | 0.233442 |
| 10 | 0.124156 | 0.122486 | 0.124421 | 0.356869 | 0.03957 | 0.232499 |
| All | 0.153225 | 0.145065 | 0.141657 | 0.184722 | 0.077364 | 0.297967 |
| 2 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.186367 | 0.189883 | 0.188851 | 0.190272 | 0.076531 | 0.168096 |
| 2 | 0.139367 | 0.133348 | 0.130744 | 0.123997 | 0.119254 | 0.353291 |
| 3 | 0.132764 | 0.130676 | 0.124575 | 0.121811 | 0.11538 | 0.374794 |
| 4 | 0.130704 | 0.120208 | 0.121038 | 0.116366 | 0.113145 | 0.39854 |
| 5 | 0.121005 | 0.122831 | 0.117318 | 0.109022 | 0.10732 | 0.422505 |
| 6 | 0.166224 | 0.10617 | 0.106749 | 0.101217 | 0.097508 | 0.422132 |
| 7 | 0.370478 | 0.138195 | 0.078013 | 0.078781 | 0.07339 | 0.261143 |
| 8 | 0.129697 | 0.361182 | 0.129025 | 0.068857 | 0.06961 | 0.24163 |
| 9 | 0.12094 | 0.112016 | 0.354051 | 0.121118 | 0.060977 | 0.230898 |
| 10 | 0.122412 | 0.1216 | 0.122524 | 0.36387 | 0.038449 | 0.231144 |
| All | 0.152784 | 0.145746 | 0.140865 | 0.186996 | 0.076841 | 0.296767 |
| 3 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.187221 | 0.189557 | 0.188884 | 0.189814 | 0.076969 | 0.167557 |
| 2 | 0.139509 | 0.133869 | 0.130382 | 0.124009 | 0.118833 | 0.353398 |
| 3 | 0.133539 | 0.130603 | 0.124891 | 0.121311 | 0.115155 | 0.374501 |
| 4 | 0.130627 | 0.122152 | 0.121156 | 0.116401 | 0.112503 | 0.397162 |
| 5 | 0.121428 | 0.12263 | 0.117448 | 0.110418 | 0.107636 | 0.42044 |
| 6 | 0.165969 | 0.106161 | 0.106592 | 0.101385 | 0.09739 | 0.422503 |
| 7 | 0.369845 | 0.138064 | 0.078224 | 0.078734 | 0.073588 | 0.261546 |
| 8 | 0.129317 | 0.36057 | 0.128876 | 0.06904 | 0.069542 | 0.242656 |
| 9 | 0.120625 | 0.114689 | 0.35295 | 0.120743 | 0.060928 | 0.230066 |
| 10 | 0.12184 | 0.121304 | 0.121911 | 0.366167 | 0.038087 | 0.230692 |
| All | 0.152636 | 0.145973 | 0.140606 | 0.18774 | 0.076673 | 0.296371 |
| 4 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.187646 | 0.189395 | 0.188896 | 0.189587 | 0.077183 | 0.167293 |
| 2 | 0.139582 | 0.134129 | 0.130201 | 0.124014 | 0.118623 | 0.353451 |
| 3 | 0.13392 | 0.13057 | 0.125056 | 0.121064 | 0.115042 | 0.374349 |
| 4 | 0.130591 | 0.123111 | 0.121214 | 0.11642 | 0.112184 | 0.396481 |
| 5 | 0.121637 | 0.122533 | 0.117512 | 0.111108 | 0.107792 | 0.419419 |
| 6 | 0.165838 | 0.106173 | 0.106512 | 0.101468 | 0.097333 | 0.422676 |
| 7 | 0.369527 | 0.137997 | 0.078327 | 0.078708 | 0.073698 | 0.261742 |
| 8 | 0.129128 | 0.360263 | 0.1288 | 0.06913 | 0.069507 | 0.243173 |
| 9 | 0.120467 | 0.11602 | 0.352401 | 0.120555 | 0.060903 | 0.229653 |
| 10 | 0.121556 | 0.121155 | 0.121607 | 0.367309 | 0.037907 | 0.230465 |
| All | 0.152561 | 0.146087 | 0.140478 | 0.18811 | 0.07659 | 0.296174 |
| 5 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.187901 | 0.189299 | 0.188902 | 0.189452 | 0.07731 | 0.167136 |
| 2 | 0.139626 | 0.134285 | 0.130092 | 0.124017 | 0.118497 | 0.353483 |
| 3 | 0.134146 | 0.130551 | 0.125157 | 0.120916 | 0.114973 | 0.374256 |
| 4 | 0.13057 | 0.123682 | 0.121248 | 0.116432 | 0.111993 | 0.396075 |
| 5 | 0.121761 | 0.122475 | 0.11755 | 0.11152 | 0.107884 | 0.41881 |
| 6 | 0.16576 | 0.106184 | 0.106464 | 0.101518 | 0.097298 | 0.422776 |
| 7 | 0.369336 | 0.137958 | 0.078388 | 0.078692 | 0.073768 | 0.261859 |
| 8 | 0.129015 | 0.360078 | 0.128754 | 0.069183 | 0.069485 | 0.243485 |
| 9 | 0.120373 | 0.116818 | 0.352073 | 0.120443 | 0.060888 | 0.229406 |
| 10 | 0.121386 | 0.121066 | 0.121426 | 0.367993 | 0.0378 | 0.230329 |
| All | 0.152517 | 0.146155 | 0.140401 | 0.188331 | 0.07654 | 0.296056 |
| 6 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.188071 | 0.189235 | 0.188906 | 0.189362 | 0.077394 | 0.167033 |
| 2 | 0.139656 | 0.134389 | 0.13002 | 0.124019 | 0.118413 | 0.353504 |
| 3 | 0.134296 | 0.130539 | 0.125226 | 0.120817 | 0.114928 | 0.374194 |
| 4 | 0.130556 | 0.124062 | 0.121272 | 0.116441 | 0.111866 | 0.395805 |
| 5 | 0.121843 | 0.122437 | 0.117575 | 0.111793 | 0.107945 | 0.418406 |
| 6 | 0.165707 | 0.106194 | 0.106431 | 0.101551 | 0.097276 | 0.422842 |
| 7 | 0.369208 | 0.137931 | 0.078428 | 0.078682 | 0.073816 | 0.261936 |
| 8 | 0.12894 | 0.359955 | 0.128723 | 0.069219 | 0.06947 | 0.243693 |
| 9 | 0.12031 | 0.117348 | 0.351854 | 0.120368 | 0.060877 | 0.229242 |
| 10 | 0.121273 | 0.121007 | 0.121306 | 0.368447 | 0.037729 | 0.230239 |
| All | 0.152487 | 0.146201 | 0.14035 | 0.188478 | 0.076507 | 0.295977 |
| 7 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.188192 | 0.189189 | 0.188908 | 0.189298 | 0.077453 | 0.166959 |
| 2 | 0.139678 | 0.134463 | 0.129968 | 0.12402 | 0.118353 | 0.353519 |
| 3 | 0.134402 | 0.13053 | 0.125276 | 0.120747 | 0.114895 | 0.374149 |
| 4 | 0.130546 | 0.124332 | 0.121288 | 0.116447 | 0.111775 | 0.395613 |
| 5 | 0.121902 | 0.12241 | 0.117593 | 0.111988 | 0.107989 | 0.418118 |
| 6 | 0.165669 | 0.106202 | 0.106408 | 0.101574 | 0.097259 | 0.422888 |
| 7 | 0.369117 | 0.137912 | 0.078457 | 0.078674 | 0.073851 | 0.26199 |
| 8 | 0.128886 | 0.359867 | 0.128701 | 0.069244 | 0.06946 | 0.243842 |
| 9 | 0.120265 | 0.117727 | 0.351698 | 0.120315 | 0.06087 | 0.229125 |
| 10 | 0.121192 | 0.120964 | 0.12122 | 0.368771 | 0.037678 | 0.230174 |
| All | 0.152465 | 0.146233 | 0.140313 | 0.188583 | 0.076484 | 0.295921 |
| 8 Decks - Dealer Stands on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.188283 | 0.189155 | 0.18891 | 0.189251 | 0.077498 | 0.166904 |
| 2 | 0.139694 | 0.134518 | 0.129929 | 0.124021 | 0.118308 | 0.35353 |
| 3 | 0.134482 | 0.130524 | 0.125313 | 0.120695 | 0.114871 | 0.374115 |
| 4 | 0.130539 | 0.124534 | 0.1213 | 0.116451 | 0.111707 | 0.395469 |
| 5 | 0.121946 | 0.12239 | 0.117607 | 0.112134 | 0.108021 | 0.417902 |
| 6 | 0.16564 | 0.106208 | 0.10639 | 0.101592 | 0.097247 | 0.422922 |
| 7 | 0.369048 | 0.137898 | 0.078478 | 0.078668 | 0.073878 | 0.262031 |
| 8 | 0.128846 | 0.3598 | 0.128684 | 0.069263 | 0.069452 | 0.243954 |
| 9 | 0.120231 | 0.118011 | 0.351581 | 0.120275 | 0.060864 | 0.229037 |
| 10 | 0.121132 | 0.120933 | 0.121156 | 0.369014 | 0.03764 | 0.230125 |
| All | 0.152449 | 0.146258 | 0.140286 | 0.188661 | 0.076466 | 0.295879 |
| 1 Deck - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.081776 | 0.205386 | 0.206161 | 0.20946 | 0.092642 | 0.204574 |
| 2 | 0.129779 | 0.133108 | 0.133172 | 0.125623 | 0.121973 | 0.356345 |
| 3 | 0.123527 | 0.131936 | 0.124949 | 0.12421 | 0.117303 | 0.378075 |
| 4 | 0.122786 | 0.115374 | 0.121907 | 0.11779 | 0.116348 | 0.405796 |
| 5 | 0.116656 | 0.123838 | 0.117448 | 0.105239 | 0.106858 | 0.429961 |
| 6 | 0.116106 | 0.11381 | 0.116056 | 0.109615 | 0.106657 | 0.437756 |
| 7 | 0.372345 | 0.138583 | 0.077334 | 0.078897 | 0.072987 | 0.259854 |
| 8 | 0.130857 | 0.362989 | 0.129445 | 0.06829 | 0.069791 | 0.238627 |
| 9 | 0.121886 | 0.103921 | 0.357391 | 0.12225 | 0.061109 | 0.233442 |
| 10 | 0.124156 | 0.122486 | 0.124421 | 0.356869 | 0.03957 | 0.232499 |
| All | 0.141259 | 0.146779 | 0.143692 | 0.186799 | 0.079407 | 0.302064 |
| 2 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082426 | 0.206094 | 0.206546 | 0.208112 | 0.094266 | 0.202556 |
| 2 | 0.129949 | 0.134838 | 0.132234 | 0.12565 | 0.120801 | 0.356527 |
| 3 | 0.124999 | 0.131904 | 0.125913 | 0.12297 | 0.116754 | 0.37746 |
| 4 | 0.122575 | 0.121499 | 0.122342 | 0.117798 | 0.114458 | 0.401328 |
| 5 | 0.117533 | 0.123331 | 0.11792 | 0.109627 | 0.107921 | 0.423668 |
| 6 | 0.1155 | 0.114155 | 0.115451 | 0.109956 | 0.106185 | 0.438754 |
| 7 | 0.370478 | 0.138195 | 0.078013 | 0.078781 | 0.07339 | 0.261143 |
| 8 | 0.129697 | 0.361182 | 0.129025 | 0.068857 | 0.06961 | 0.24163 |
| 9 | 0.12094 | 0.112016 | 0.354051 | 0.121118 | 0.060977 | 0.230898 |
| 10 | 0.122412 | 0.1216 | 0.122524 | 0.36387 | 0.038449 | 0.231144 |
| All | 0.140573 | 0.147658 | 0.142936 | 0.189087 | 0.07892 | 0.300825 |
| 3 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082636 | 0.206341 | 0.206656 | 0.207683 | 0.094773 | 0.201912 |
| 2 | 0.130009 | 0.135409 | 0.131921 | 0.125657 | 0.120411 | 0.356593 |
| 3 | 0.125457 | 0.131913 | 0.126275 | 0.122573 | 0.116564 | 0.377218 |
| 4 | 0.122514 | 0.123469 | 0.122482 | 0.117812 | 0.113835 | 0.399887 |
| 5 | 0.117814 | 0.123182 | 0.11807 | 0.111042 | 0.108258 | 0.421634 |
| 6 | 0.115285 | 0.114346 | 0.115247 | 0.110067 | 0.106032 | 0.439022 |
| 7 | 0.369845 | 0.138064 | 0.078224 | 0.078734 | 0.073588 | 0.261546 |
| 8 | 0.129317 | 0.36057 | 0.128876 | 0.06904 | 0.069542 | 0.242656 |
| 9 | 0.120625 | 0.114689 | 0.35295 | 0.120743 | 0.060928 | 0.230066 |
| 10 | 0.12184 | 0.121304 | 0.121911 | 0.366167 | 0.038087 | 0.230692 |
| All | 0.140343 | 0.147951 | 0.14269 | 0.189837 | 0.078763 | 0.300415 |
| 4 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.08274 | 0.206467 | 0.206707 | 0.207471 | 0.095021 | 0.201595 |
| 2 | 0.13004 | 0.135693 | 0.131764 | 0.125659 | 0.120217 | 0.356627 |
| 3 | 0.12568 | 0.13192 | 0.126463 | 0.122378 | 0.116468 | 0.37709 |
| 4 | 0.122486 | 0.124441 | 0.122551 | 0.117821 | 0.113525 | 0.399176 |
| 5 | 0.117952 | 0.123111 | 0.118143 | 0.111741 | 0.108423 | 0.420629 |
| 6 | 0.115175 | 0.114456 | 0.115145 | 0.110123 | 0.105957 | 0.439144 |
| 7 | 0.369527 | 0.137997 | 0.078327 | 0.078708 | 0.073698 | 0.261742 |
| 8 | 0.129128 | 0.360263 | 0.1288 | 0.06913 | 0.069507 | 0.243173 |
| 9 | 0.120467 | 0.11602 | 0.352401 | 0.120555 | 0.060903 | 0.229653 |
| 10 | 0.121556 | 0.121155 | 0.121607 | 0.367309 | 0.037907 | 0.230465 |
| All | 0.140228 | 0.148098 | 0.142568 | 0.19021 | 0.078685 | 0.300211 |
| 5 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082801 | 0.206542 | 0.206738 | 0.207346 | 0.095167 | 0.201406 |
| 2 | 0.130058 | 0.135864 | 0.13167 | 0.125661 | 0.1201 | 0.356647 |
| 3 | 0.125812 | 0.131926 | 0.126579 | 0.122262 | 0.11641 | 0.377011 |
| 4 | 0.122469 | 0.125021 | 0.122593 | 0.117826 | 0.11334 | 0.398751 |
| 5 | 0.118035 | 0.12307 | 0.118187 | 0.112158 | 0.108521 | 0.42003 |
| 6 | 0.115109 | 0.114526 | 0.115084 | 0.110156 | 0.105912 | 0.439214 |
| 7 | 0.369336 | 0.137958 | 0.078388 | 0.078692 | 0.073768 | 0.261859 |
| 8 | 0.129015 | 0.360078 | 0.128754 | 0.069183 | 0.069485 | 0.243485 |
| 9 | 0.120373 | 0.116818 | 0.352073 | 0.120443 | 0.060888 | 0.229406 |
| 10 | 0.121386 | 0.121066 | 0.121426 | 0.367993 | 0.0378 | 0.230329 |
| All | 0.140159 | 0.148186 | 0.142495 | 0.190433 | 0.078638 | 0.300089 |
| 6 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082842 | 0.206593 | 0.206757 | 0.207262 | 0.095264 | 0.201281 |
| 2 | 0.130071 | 0.135978 | 0.131607 | 0.125662 | 0.120022 | 0.356661 |
| 3 | 0.1259 | 0.13193 | 0.126656 | 0.122185 | 0.116371 | 0.376958 |
| 4 | 0.122458 | 0.125405 | 0.12262 | 0.11783 | 0.113217 | 0.39847 |
| 5 | 0.118089 | 0.123042 | 0.118216 | 0.112435 | 0.108586 | 0.419632 |
| 6 | 0.115064 | 0.114574 | 0.115043 | 0.110177 | 0.105882 | 0.439259 |
| 7 | 0.369208 | 0.137931 | 0.078428 | 0.078682 | 0.073816 | 0.261936 |
| 8 | 0.12894 | 0.359955 | 0.128723 | 0.069219 | 0.06947 | 0.243693 |
| 9 | 0.12031 | 0.117348 | 0.351854 | 0.120368 | 0.060877 | 0.229242 |
| 10 | 0.121273 | 0.121007 | 0.121306 | 0.368447 | 0.037729 | 0.230239 |
| All | 0.140113 | 0.148245 | 0.142446 | 0.190581 | 0.078607 | 0.300007 |
| 7 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082872 | 0.20663 | 0.206771 | 0.207203 | 0.095333 | 0.201192 |
| 2 | 0.13008 | 0.136059 | 0.131563 | 0.125662 | 0.119966 | 0.35667 |
| 3 | 0.125962 | 0.131934 | 0.126712 | 0.12213 | 0.116343 | 0.37692 |
| 4 | 0.12245 | 0.125679 | 0.12264 | 0.117833 | 0.113129 | 0.398269 |
| 5 | 0.118128 | 0.123023 | 0.118237 | 0.112632 | 0.108632 | 0.419348 |
| 6 | 0.115032 | 0.11461 | 0.115014 | 0.110193 | 0.105861 | 0.439291 |
| 7 | 0.369117 | 0.137912 | 0.078457 | 0.078674 | 0.073851 | 0.26199 |
| 8 | 0.128886 | 0.359867 | 0.128701 | 0.069244 | 0.06946 | 0.243842 |
| 9 | 0.120265 | 0.117727 | 0.351698 | 0.120315 | 0.06087 | 0.229125 |
| 10 | 0.121192 | 0.120964 | 0.12122 | 0.368771 | 0.037678 | 0.230174 |
| All | 0.14008 | 0.148287 | 0.142412 | 0.190687 | 0.078585 | 0.299949 |
| 8 Decks - Dealer Hits on Soft 17 |
Dealer's up Card | Dealer's Final Total |
| 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | Bust |
| Ace | 0.082894 | 0.206657 | 0.206781 | 0.207159 | 0.095384 | 0.201125 |
| 2 | 0.130087 | 0.13612 | 0.131529 | 0.125663 | 0.119924 | 0.356677 |
| 3 | 0.126008 | 0.131936 | 0.126754 | 0.122089 | 0.116322 | 0.376891 |
| 4 | 0.122445 | 0.125884 | 0.122654 | 0.117836 | 0.113063 | 0.398119 |
| 5 | 0.118157 | 0.123009 | 0.118252 | 0.11278 | 0.108666 | 0.419136 |
| 6 | 0.115008 | 0.114637 | 0.114992 | 0.110205 | 0.105845 | 0.439314 |
| 7 | 0.369048 | 0.137898 | 0.078478 | 0.078668 | 0.073878 | 0.262031 |
| 8 | 0.128846 | 0.3598 | 0.128684 | 0.069263 | 0.069452 | 0.243954 |
| 9 | 0.120231 | 0.118011 | 0.351581 | 0.120275 | 0.060864 | 0.229037 |
| 10 | 0.121132 | 0.120933 | 0.121156 | 0.369014 | 0.03764 | 0.230125 |
| All | 0.140055 | 0.148318 | 0.142386 | 0.190766 | 0.078569 | 0.299906 |
The next table shows the average dealer score, assuming the dealer does not bust, and the dealer already checked for blackjack, according to various rules.
| Average Dealer Total in Blackjack |
| Decks | Stand Soft 17 | Hit Soft 17 |
| 1 | 18.840371 | 18.880098 |
| 2 | 18.842648 | 18.882868 |
| 3 | 18.843415 | 18.883798 |
| 4 | 18.843826 | 18.884288 |
| 5 | 18.844053 | 18.884564 |
| 6 | 18.844205 | 18.88472 |
| 7 | 18.844292 | 18.88488 |
| 8 | 18.84437 | 18.884981 |
Go back to blackjack.Appendices - Appendix 1:Total dependent expected return table for an infinitedeck.
- Appendix 2a: Dealer probabilities before decks peeks for blackjack.
- Appendix 3a:Composition dependent exceptions to single deck basicstrategy where the dealer stands on soft 17.
- Appendix 3b:Composition dependent exceptions to double deck basicstrategy where the dealer stands on soft 17.
- Appendix 3c:Composition dependent exceptions to single deck basicstrategy where the dealer hits a soft 17.
- Appendix 4:Details on the standard deviation in blackjack.
- Appendix 5:This table shows the player's expected return given hisfirst two cards and the dealer's up card, assuming basicstrategy is followed.
- Appendix 6:Fine points of when to surrender.
- Appendix 7:Effect of card removal.
- Appendix 8:Analysis of some popular blackjack side bets includingSuper Sevens, Streak, Royal Match, and a tie.
- Appendix 9:Composition dependent expected returns for 1, 2, 4, 6,and 8 decks.
- Appendix 10:The effect on the house edge of the continuous shufflingmachines vs. the cut card.
- Appendix 12:Risk of ruin statistics.
- Appendix 13:Probabilities in the first four cards. May be used totest for the number of decks in online blackjack.
- Appendix 14:Value of each initial player card
- Appendix 15: Casino Surrender, analysis of the rule allowing the player to take a 50% win with a 20 against a 10.
Michael Shackleford, ASA

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